Shweta Tripathi was born on July 6, 1985, in New Delhi, India. Her father is an IAS officer and her mother is a retired teacher. She also has an elder sister named Pooja. The family moved frequently due to her father's job, and Tripathi spent her childhood in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Shweta Tripathi attended Delhi Public School, RK Puram, and later graduated from the National Institute of Fashion Technology with a degree in Fashion Communication. She is passionate about design and traveling. She also enjoys diving, reading, photography, and dancing. After completing her college studies, she worked as a photo editor for Femina Magazine.

Shweta Tripathi began her film career as a production assistant and associate director. She gained wider recognition for her acting performances in the Hindi film industry and web series. She is popularly known for her character Golu Gupta in the web series Mirzapur. She also played the role of Zenia Khan, a tomboyish character, in the Disney India sitcom Kya Mast Hai Life. She has appeared in advertisements for brands such as Tata Sky, McDonald's, and Vodafone.

Shweta Tripathi has acted in several notable films. Her debut film was Masaan (2015), where she played the role of Shaalu Gupta. She has also starred in other films such as Haraamkhor (2017), Gone Kesh (2019), Mehandi Circus (Tamil Film, 2019), Cargo (2020), Raat Akeli Hai (2020), and Rashmi Rocket (2021).

Shweta Tripathi has received recognition for her performances. She won the Zee Cine Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Masaan. She was also nominated for the Critics Choice Awards under the category of Best Actress for Mirzapur S2.